The market is full of "miracle" pills with proprietary blends and inflated claims. Only a handful of ingredients have solid RCT data for erectile function, libido, and sexual satisfaction.
- L-Citrulline (6–8 g/day): Converts to L-arginine, boosting nitric oxide and blood flow. A 2011 Urology RCT showed meaningful improvement in mild-to-moderate ED at this dose.
- Panax ginseng (red Korean, 600–1000 mg/day): Multiple RCTs show modest improvement in erectile function and libido. Effect size is smaller than PDE5 inhibitors but real.
- Maca root (1.5–3 g/day): Evidence for libido enhancement is modest but consistent across multiple small RCTs. No direct effect on erections.
- Tribulus terrestris (750 mg/day): Evidence is weak for erections but shows modest libido improvement in some populations, particularly post-menopausal women.
- Zinc (15 mg/day): Correcting deficiency is important for testosterone and sperm production. Doesn't help zinc-replete men.
- Products spiked with unlisted pharmaceuticals (sildenafil, tadalafil analogs) — the FDA has issued hundreds of warnings
- "Immediate effect" claims within 15–30 minutes (PDE5 inhibitors work that way; natural supplements don't)
- Mega-doses of yohimbine without cardiovascular screening
- Horny goat weed (Epimedium) with icariin below 20% standardization
Purity testing (particularly important due to rampant adulteration), standardized extracts, dosages matching the RCTs cited, and transparent country-of-origin documentation. Products with a history of FDA import alerts score lower.